Hearing plays a vital role in how we connect with the world around us. From enjoying conversations with loved ones to staying safe and aware of our surroundings, good hearing supports independence, confidence, and overall wellbeing. Yet for many adults—particularly those over 50—changes in hearing can happen gradually and often go unnoticed until they begin to interfere with daily life. Understanding common hearing disorders and the treatments available is an important first step toward protecting your hearing health.
Hearing disorders are more common than many people realise. Age-related changes, long-term exposure to loud noise, infections, and underlying health conditions can all affect how well the ears and brain work together to process sound. Some hearing disorders develop slowly over time, while others may appear suddenly due to illness or injury. The good news is that modern hearing care offers a wide range of effective treatments, and many people experience significant improvements once the right support is in place.
This article is designed to help you recognise some of the most common hearing disorders, understand their causes and symptoms, and learn about the treatments that may be recommended. We’ll explore different types of hearing loss, conditions such as tinnitus and balance disorders, and the medical and technological options used to manage them. Whether you are experiencing hearing difficulties yourself or caring for someone who is, having clear, reliable information can make it easier to seek help and make informed decisions.
Importantly, hearing problems are not something you simply have to “put up with” as you get older. Early assessment by a hearing professional can prevent further damage, improve communication, and enhance quality of life. With advances in hearing aids, medical treatments, and rehabilitation therapies, there are more solutions available today than ever before.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss, particularly among older adults. It occurs when there is damage to the inner ear (the cochlea) or to the auditory nerve pathways that send sound signals to the brain. Because this type of hearing loss affects how sound is processed rather than simply how it travels through the ear, it is usually permanent. However, while it cannot be reversed, it can often be managed very effectively with the right treatment.
One of the leading causes of sensorineural hearing loss is ageing, a condition known as presbycusis. As we get older, the delicate hair cells in the inner ear gradually wear down, making it harder to hear high-pitched sounds or follow conversations, especially in noisy environments. Long-term exposure to loud noise is another major cause. This might include years of working in noisy jobs, attending loud events, or listening to music at high volumes through headphones. Certain medications, genetic factors, head injuries, and illnesses such as viral infections can also contribute to inner ear damage.
Common symptoms include difficulty understanding speech, frequently asking people to repeat themselves, and feeling that others are mumbling. Many people also experience tinnitus alongside hearing loss. Because these symptoms often develop gradually, sensorineural hearing loss may go undiagnosed for years.
Treatment typically focuses on improving hearing and communication. Hearing aids are the most common solution and modern devices offer advanced features such as noise reduction, speech enhancement, and wireless connectivity. For severe or profound hearing loss, cochlear implants may be recommended. Early diagnosis is important, as untreated hearing loss has been linked to social isolation, reduced confidence, and cognitive decline.
Conductive Hearing Loss
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound is blocked or reduced as it travels through the outer or middle ear. Unlike sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss is often temporary and may be medically treatable or reversible.
Common causes include earwax build-up, middle ear infections, fluid behind the eardrum, perforated eardrums, and problems with the small bones in the middle ear. People with conductive hearing loss often feel as though their ears are blocked or underwater, and sounds may seem quieter rather than distorted.
Treatment depends on the cause. Earwax removal can lead to immediate improvement, while infections may require medication. In some cases, surgery is recommended to repair structural problems. If medical treatment is not effective, hearing aids or bone-conduction devices may be used. Prompt treatment is important to prevent complications and restore hearing wherever possible.
Mixed Hearing Loss
Mixed hearing loss is a combination of both sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. This means there is damage in both the inner ear and the outer or middle ear, making diagnosis and treatment more complex.
It can develop when someone with permanent inner ear damage also experiences an additional conductive issue, such as an infection or earwax blockage. Symptoms often include both reduced volume and reduced clarity of sound, making communication particularly challenging.
Treatment usually involves addressing the conductive component first through medical or surgical means. Once this is managed, hearing aids or other hearing technologies are used to treat the sensorineural component. With a personalised treatment plan, many people with mixed hearing loss experience significant improvement.
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is commonly described as ringing, buzzing, hissing, or humming in the ears. It is a symptom rather than a condition itself and is often linked to hearing loss, noise exposure, stress, or certain medications.
Tinnitus can be persistent or intermittent and is often more noticeable in quiet environments. While it is not usually dangerous, it can affect sleep, concentration, and emotional wellbeing.
There is no single cure for tinnitus, but many management options exist. Hearing aids can reduce its impact by amplifying external sounds. Sound therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, and counselling can also be effective. Lifestyle changes such as stress management, improved sleep, and protecting hearing from loud noise may help reduce symptoms.
Balance Disorders and Inner Ear Conditions
The inner ear is responsible for both hearing and balance, so disorders affecting this area can cause dizziness, vertigo, and unsteadiness. Conditions such as Ménière’s disease, vestibular neuritis, and labyrinthitis are more common in older adults but can affect anyone.
Balance disorders can increase the risk of falls and reduce confidence in everyday activities. Symptoms should always be assessed by a healthcare professional, as they may be linked to other medical conditions.
Treatment depends on the cause and may include medication, dietary changes, vestibular rehabilitation therapy, and hearing support. Many people see significant improvement with the right combination of treatments and ongoing care.
Conclusion
Common hearing disorders can affect communication, independence, and quality of life, but they are often manageable with the right support. Understanding the different types of hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance-related conditions makes it easier to recognise symptoms and seek help early.
Advances in hearing care mean there are now more effective treatment options than ever before. From modern hearing aids to specialised therapies, personalised care can make a real difference. If you notice changes in hearing or balance, seeking professional advice is an important step toward protecting your long-term hearing health.
FAQ
What are the most common signs of a hearing disorder?
Common signs include difficulty understanding speech, especially in noise, asking others to repeat themselves, tinnitus, and balance problems.
Can hearing loss be reversed?
Some types, such as conductive hearing loss, may be reversible. Sensorineural hearing loss is permanent but can be effectively managed.
How do I know if I need hearing aids?
If hearing difficulties affect daily life or communication, a hearing professional can assess whether hearing aids are appropriate.
Is tinnitus a serious condition?
Tinnitus is usually not serious but can be distressing. Many people find relief with proper management and hearing support.
When should I see a hearing professional?
If hearing or balance issues persist or worsen, early assessment can lead to better outcomes.
This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you are concerned about your hearing or ear health, please consult a qualified healthcare provider.
